This cross-sectional study assesses the relationship between school food environment and eating behaviors of primary school children in Dodoma among 248 primary school children aged 6-13 years. School characteristics information and socio-demographic characteristics were collected. Multilevel modeling was employed to assess the individual-level variance in eating behaviors. Most of the variances in the investigated eating behaviors were at the personal level. Significant associations ( p < .05) were between protein-rich food intake and fats and sugar-rich food with the death of either parent. And association between intake of vitamin and mineral-rich foods and the number of people living in household.