Expansion of the multifunctionality in off-stoichiometric manganites using post-annealing and high pressure: physical and electrochemical studies.

Prospects for the use of manganites in various areas of modern technologies require comprehensive studies of their physical and chemical properties. La 0.9 Mn 1.1 O 3 (LMO) ceramics have been synthesized at an annealing temperature t ann of 1150 °C with further post-annealing at 1250, 1350, and 1450 °C. As t ann increases, the structure symmetry changes, and both the crystallite size and chemical defects increase. The post-annealing, on one hand, leads to a dramatic reduction of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) |-Δ S maxM| from 3.50 to 0.75 J (kg K) -1 at 2 T and a Curie temperature T C from 227 to 113 K with increasing t ann . On the other hand, an external hydrostatic high-pressure P works oppositely enhancing ferromagnetic interactions. The saturation of -Δ S maxM and T C is already achieved at a relatively low P of ≈ 0.4 GPa. LMO-1150 exhibits the best magnetocaloric characteristics compared with other studied samples. Moreover, the electrochemical characteristics of the LMO materials as electrocatalysts for overall water splitting (OER process) and features of their transformation in different 0.5 M K 2 SO 4 , 0.5 M K 2 HPO 4 , and 0.1 M K 2 B 4 O 7 electrolytes have been studied thoroughly. After electrocatalysis of LMO, the magnetization M decreases and T C remains, which makes it possible to control the depletion of electrodes and predict their working time based on the magnetic measurements. All samples show the best OER activity in the 0.5 M K 2 HPO 4 media. The obtained results demonstrate the ways for controlling the MCE of LMO under changing internal and external conditions, and an evaluation of the possibilities for their OER applications in electrocatalysts.