Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Bioactive Factors, and Scaffolds in Bone Repair: From Research Perspectives to Clinical Practice.
Sandra GromolakAleksandra KlimczakPublished in: Cells (2021)
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies are promising tools for bone tissue regeneration. However, tracking cells and maintaining them in the site of injury is difficult. A potential solution is to seed the cells onto a biocompatible scaffold. Construct development in bone tissue engineering is a complex step-by-step process with many variables to be optimized, such as stem cell source, osteogenic molecular factors, scaffold design, and an appropriate in vivo animal model. In this review, an MSC-based tissue engineering approach for bone repair is reported. Firstly, MSC role in bone formation and regeneration is detailed. Secondly, MSC-based bone tissue biomaterial design is analyzed from a research perspective. Finally, examples of animal preclinical and human clinical trials involving MSCs and scaffolds in bone repair are presented.
Keyphrases
- tissue engineering
- mesenchymal stem cells
- bone mineral density
- stem cells
- bone loss
- soft tissue
- clinical trial
- bone regeneration
- induced apoptosis
- bone marrow
- umbilical cord
- clinical practice
- endothelial cells
- cell cycle arrest
- body composition
- cell therapy
- risk assessment
- climate change
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- signaling pathway
- pi k akt