Outcomes of second-line treatment after fludarabine cyclophosphamide and rituximab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia outside clinical trials.

With limitations of sample size and treatment heterogeneity, patients progressing <24 months following FCR have poor outcomes, similar to refractory patients, while longer remissions are indicative of a chemoimmunotherapy sensitive disease. Patients who discontinue FCR for toxicities may achieve excellent outcomes with subsequent treatment.