NF-κB activation in astrocytes drives a stage-specific beneficial neuroimmunological response in ALS.
Najwa Ouali AlamiChristine SchurrFlorian Olde HeuvelLinyun TangQian LiAlpaslan TasdoganAtsushi KimbaraMatthias NettekovenGiorgio OttavianiCatarina RaposoStephan RöverMark Rogers-EvansBenno RothenhäuslerChristoph UllmerJürgen FingerleUwe GretherIrene KnueselTobias M BoeckersAlbert LudolphThomas WirthFrancesco RoselliBernd BaumannPublished in: The EMBO journal (2018)
Astrocytes are involved in non-cell-autonomous pathogenic cascades in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, their role is still debated. We show that astrocytic NF-κB activation drives microglial proliferation and leukocyte infiltration in the SOD1 (G93A) ALS model. This response prolongs the presymptomatic phase, delaying muscle denervation and decreasing disease burden, but turns detrimental in the symptomatic phase, accelerating disease progression. The transition corresponds to a shift in the microglial phenotype showing two effects that can be dissociated by temporally controlling NF-κB activation. While NF-κB activation in astrocytes induced a Wnt-dependent microglial proliferation in the presymptomatic phase with neuroprotective effects on motoneurons, in later stage, astrocyte NF-κB-dependent microglial activation caused an accelerated disease progression. Notably, suppression of the early microglial response by CB2R agonists had acute detrimental effects. These data identify astrocytes as important regulators of microglia expansion and immune response. Therefore, stage-dependent microglia modulation may be an effective therapeutic strategy in ALS.
Keyphrases
- lps induced
- inflammatory response
- signaling pathway
- neuropathic pain
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- immune response
- pi k akt
- oxidative stress
- nuclear factor
- cell proliferation
- stem cells
- skeletal muscle
- mesenchymal stem cells
- single cell
- machine learning
- electronic health record
- intensive care unit
- risk factors
- cell therapy
- bone marrow
- high glucose
- endothelial cells
- stress induced