There are numerous variables that may play a factor in the pain experience of the transgender patient including biological factors, psychological and social factors. Techniques that are necessary for comprehensive pain management include pharmacologic, injections, physical therapy, acupuncture, massage, and more. There are limited publications on the comprehensive pain management of the transgender patient; therefore, the authors advocate that as perioperative physicians, anesthesiologists implement comprehensive preemptive analgesia techniques to avoid progression to chronic pain. Clearly more research is necessary to standardize acute pain management techniques in the transgender patient.
Keyphrases
- pain management
- chronic pain
- case report
- mental health
- patients undergoing
- hiv testing
- primary care
- minimally invasive
- healthcare
- liver failure
- cardiac surgery
- respiratory failure
- spinal cord
- hepatitis c virus
- coronary artery bypass
- drug induced
- men who have sex with men
- hepatitis b virus
- atrial fibrillation
- aortic dissection