Virtual planning and navigational technology in reconstructive surgery.

Reconstructive technologies have expanded to include the use of virtual surgical planning (VSP) and computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM), and 3-Dimensional printing. The advantages of VSP over traditional techniques are highlighted in many scenarios: (a) delayed reconstruction, (b) maxillary reconstruction, (c) placement of dental implants, and (d) precision guided oncology. Microsurgery is undergoing a paradigm shift with virtual planning at its foreground. Herein, we describe the versatile uses for CAD-CAM and key operative steps.