Membrane protein megahertz crystallography at the European XFEL.
Christopher J GisrielJesse CoeRomain LetrunOleksandr M YefanovCesar Luna-ChavezNatasha E StanderStella LisovaValerio MarianiManuela KuhnSteve AplinThomas D GrantKaterina DörnerTokushi SatoAustin EchelmeierJorvani Cruz VillarrealMark S HunterMax O WiedornJuraj KnoskaVictoria MazalovaShatabdi Roy-ChowdhuryJay-How YangAlex JonesRichard BeanJohan BieleckiYoonhee KimGrant MillsBritta WeinhausenJose D MezaNasser Al-QudamiSasa BajtGerrit BrehmSabine BothaDjelloul BoukhelefSandor BrockhauserBarry D BruceMatthew A ColemanCyril DanilevskiErin DisciannoZachary DobsonHans FangohrJose M Martin-GarciaYaroslav GevorkovSteffen HaufAhmad HosseinizadehFriederike JanuschekGihan K KetawalaChristopher KupitzLuis MaiaMaurizio ManettiMarc MesserschmidtThomas MichelatJyotirmoy MondalAbbas OurmazdGianpietro PrevitaliIosifina SarrouSilvan SchönPeter SchwanderMegan L ShelbyAlessandro SilenziJolanta Sztuk-DambietzJanusz SzubaMonica TurcatoThomas A WhiteKrzysztof WronaChen XuMohamed H AbdellatifJames D ZookJohn C H SpenceHenry N ChapmanAnton BartyRichard A KirianMatthias FrankAlexandra RosMarius SchmidtRaimund FrommeAdrian P MancusoPetra FrommeNadia A ZatsepinPublished in: Nature communications (2019)
The world's first superconducting megahertz repetition rate hard X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL), the European XFEL, began operation in 2017, featuring a unique pulse train structure with 886 ns between pulses. With its rapid pulse rate, the European XFEL may alleviate some of the increasing demand for XFEL beamtime, particularly for membrane protein serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX), leveraging orders-of-magnitude faster data collection. Here, we report the first membrane protein megahertz SFX experiment, where we determined a 2.9 Å-resolution SFX structure of the large membrane protein complex, Photosystem I, a > 1 MDa complex containing 36 protein subunits and 381 cofactors. We address challenges to megahertz SFX for membrane protein complexes, including growth of large quantities of crystals and the large molecular and unit cell size that influence data collection and analysis. The results imply that megahertz crystallography could have an important impact on structure determination of large protein complexes with XFELs.