A Review of Clinical Data on Salvage Therapy in Spinal Cord Stimulation.
Rajiv D ReddyRoya MoheimaniGregory G YuKrishnan V ChakravarthyPublished in: Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society (2019)
There is limited evidence for the appropriate treatment alternatives, but from data currently available the conversion from conventional tonic stimulation to burst, high frequency (10 kHz), multiple wave forms, and/or DRGs may be appropriate in select patients and will require further research to determine the most appropriate first line salvage in the context of the underlying pain pathology.
Keyphrases
- high frequency
- transcranial magnetic stimulation
- spinal cord
- end stage renal disease
- electronic health record
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- neuropathic pain
- chronic kidney disease
- chronic pain
- stem cells
- mesenchymal stem cells
- patient reported outcomes
- combination therapy
- cell therapy
- deep learning
- artificial intelligence
- postoperative pain