Fractional Erbium:YAG Laser (2940 nm) plus Topical Hydroquinone Compared to Intradermal Tranexamic Acid plus Topical Hydroquinone for the Treatment of Refractory Melasma: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study confirmed the comparable efficacy of TA plus topical HQ versus Er:YAG laser plus topical HQ for the treatment of refractory melasma. Both groups improved significantly and no subject left the treatment because of adverse effects.