Autologous tumor cell vaccination combined with systemic CpG-B and IFN-α promotes immune activation and induces clinical responses in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a phase II trial.
Bas D KosterSaskia J A M SantegoetsJorien HartingArnold BaarsS Marieke van HamRik J ScheperErik HooijbergTanja D de GruijlAlfonsus J M van den EertweghPublished in: Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII (2019)
ATV combined with systemic CpG-B and IFN-α is tolerable, safe, immunogenic and able to elicit anti-tumor responses in patients with mRCC. Immune activation and treatment-induced up-regulation of PD-1 and CTLA4 on circulating T cells further suggest an added benefit of combining this approach with immune checkpoint blockade [added]