Sugarcane is the most widely cultivated crop in the world, with equatorial developing nations performing most of this agriculture. Burning sugarcane is a common practice to facilitate harvest, producing extremely high volumes of respirable particulate matter in the process. These emissions are known to have deleterious effects on agricultural workers and nearby communities, but the extent of this exposure and potential toxicity remain poorly characterized. As the epidemicof chronic kidney disease of an unknown etiology (CKDu) and its associated mortality continue to increase along with respiratory distress, there is an urgent need to investigate the causes, determine viable interventions to mitigate disease andimprove outcomes for groups experiencing disproportionate impact. The goal of this review is to establish the state of available literature, summarize what is known in terms of human health risk, and provide recommendations for what areas should be prioritized in research.
Keyphrases
- particulate matter
- climate change
- health risk
- heavy metals
- human health
- chronic kidney disease
- air pollution
- healthcare
- risk assessment
- endothelial cells
- drinking water
- end stage renal disease
- public health
- systematic review
- primary care
- risk factors
- physical activity
- cardiovascular events
- mental health
- oxidative stress
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- type diabetes
- health information
- quality improvement
- peritoneal dialysis
- sewage sludge
- respiratory tract
- health promotion
- metabolic syndrome
- coronary artery disease
- social media
- oxide nanoparticles