Artificial Intelligence & Tissue Biomarkers: Advantages, Risks and Perspectives for Pathology.

Tissue Biomarkers are information written in the tissue and used in Pathology to recognize specific subsets of patients with diagnostic, prognostic or predictive purposes, thus representing the key elements of Personalized Medicine. The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises to further reinforce the role of Pathology in the scenario of Personalized Medicine: AI-based devices are expected to standardize the evaluation of tissue biomarkers and also to discover novel information, which would otherwise be ignored by human review, and use them to make specific predictions. In this review we will present how AI has been used to support Tissue Biomarkers evaluation in the specific field of Pathology, give an insight to the intriguing field of AI-based biomarkers and discuss possible advantages, risk and perspectives for Pathology.