Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer.
Zi-Ning LeiQiu-Xu TengQin TianWei ChenYuhao XieKaiming WuQianlin ZengLeli ZengYihang PanZhe-Sheng ChenYulong HePublished in: Signal transduction and targeted therapy (2022)
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival, the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates. With the recent advances in genome analysis, biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways, including EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, immune checkpoint pathways, and cell adhesion signaling molecules, play in GC tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responsiveness. These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients. Nevertheless, the relative significance, temporal activation, interaction with GC risk factors, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood. Here, we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Current therapies, including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade, and the development of treatment for GC, particularly the challenges in developing precision medications, are discussed. These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical, molecular, and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.
Keyphrases
- gas chromatography
- signaling pathway
- risk factors
- small cell lung cancer
- end stage renal disease
- chronic kidney disease
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- physical activity
- gene expression
- cell adhesion
- newly diagnosed
- transcription factor
- ejection fraction
- tyrosine kinase
- case report
- copy number
- epidermal growth factor receptor