Breaching septal veins while attempting left bundle branch area pacing. If necessary, septography contrast should be injected in a stepwise approach.
Andrés Di Leoni FerrariDavid Santacruz PachecoFabiano SegatDiego ChemelloPublished in: Journal of arrhythmia (2023)
Permanent transseptal left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is a promising technique developed to avoid the detrimental effects of pacing-induced dyssynchrony with right ventricular (RV) pacing, by offering more physiologic activation of the heart. Lesions to tributary veins of the coronary sinus have been increasingly reported, mostly associated with venous fistula or venous septal system infringement. Despite being mostly benign, venous complications may be related to the maneuver of contrast injection through the sheath and failure to follow simple but essential steps.
Keyphrases
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- heart failure
- left ventricular
- magnetic resonance
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- coronary artery disease
- coronary artery
- inferior vena cava
- drug induced
- magnetic resonance imaging
- risk factors
- contrast enhanced
- atrial fibrillation
- diabetic rats
- oxidative stress
- computed tomography
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement