Comprehensive Overview of Gene Rearrangements in Childhood T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia.
Anna MroczekJoanna ZawitkowskaJerzy KowalczykMonika LejmanPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a relevant form of childhood neoplasm, as it accounts for over 80% of all leukaemia cases. T-cell ALL constitutes a genetically heterogeneous cancer derived from T-lymphoid progenitors. The diagnosis of T-ALL is based on morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular features, thus the results are used for patient stratification. Due to the expression of surface and intracellular antigens, several subtypes of T-ALL can be distinguished. Although the aetiology of T-ALL remains unclear, a wide spectrum of rearrangements and mutations affecting crucial signalling pathways has been described so far. Due to intensive chemotherapy regimens and supportive care, overall cure rates of more than 80% in paediatric T-ALL patients have been accomplished. However, improved knowledge of the mechanisms of relapse, drug resistance, and determination of risk factors are crucial for patients in the high-risk group. Even though some residual disease studies have allowed the optimization of therapy, the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic markers is required to individualize therapy. The following review summarizes our current knowledge about genetic abnormalities in paediatric patients with T-ALL. As molecular biology techniques provide insights into the biology of cancer, our study focuses on new potential therapeutic targets and predictive factors which may improve the outcome of young patients with T-ALL.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- healthcare
- risk factors
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- liver failure
- intensive care unit
- palliative care
- squamous cell carcinoma
- case report
- gene expression
- squamous cell
- dna methylation
- mesenchymal stem cells
- low grade
- respiratory failure
- chronic pain
- quality improvement
- binding protein
- copy number
- young adults
- locally advanced
- middle aged
- hepatitis b virus
- aortic dissection
- tandem mass spectrometry