Utilizing low oxygen to mitigate resistance of stored product insects to phosphine.

The modified atmosphere applications evaluated here were proved to be effective for all populations, regardless of the level of resistance to phosphine, and any survival could be attributed to the short exposure intervals. Modified atmosphere applications can be effective at a considerably short exposure interval, even at 2.5 days, which is an incontestable advantage for the use of this method against insects, at exposures comparable with those of commercial fumigations. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.