Non-Angry Superficial Draining Veins: A New Technique in Identifying the Extent of Nidus Excision during Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Surgery.

ICG-VA integrated with FLOW 800 is an available method for determining the velocity of superficial drainage veins. Whether the color of the superficial drainage veins on the cortical surface returns to normal can determine whether the lesion is completely resected and can reduce the possibility of residual postoperative lesions.