Establishment of a co-culture system using Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) for valuable alkaloid production.

This is the first report of co-culture system established with engineered E. coli and P. pastoris for the de novo production of valuable compounds. The co-culture system established herein would be useful for increased production of heterologous biosynthesis of complex specialized plant metabolites.