The Influence of Smoking on Healing of Scaphoid Non-union after a Vascularized Pedicle Bone Flap Operation: A Review and Meta-analysis.

A hand surgeon should always take into consideration that smoking negatively influences the healing potential of a scaphoid non-union despite the theoretically superior biological background that VBFs offer. In patients who refuse to quit smoking, a VBF may be considered a better choice than a conventional graft.