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Epidemiology studies on effects of lithium salts in pregnancy are confounded by the inability to control for other potentially teratogenic factors.

Carr J SmithVictoria M Payne
Published in: Human & experimental toxicology (2024)
The small risks in fetal cardiac abnormalities reported in the epidemiology literature do not establish a causal association for lithium salts and Ebstein's anomaly.
Keyphrases
  • risk factors
  • ionic liquid
  • solid state
  • systematic review
  • left ventricular
  • preterm birth
  • human health
  • pregnancy outcomes
  • case control
  • risk assessment
  • heart failure
  • pregnant women
  • climate change