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From Interferon to Checkpoint Inhibition Therapy-A Systematic Review of New Immune-Modulating Agents in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Refractory Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC).

Susanne DeiningerPeter TörzsökMichael MitterbergerMaximilian PallaufDavid OswaldChristian DeiningerLukas Lusuardi
Published in: Cancers (2022)
CPIs and other IM agents now offer an increasing opportunity for bladder-preserving strategies. Studies on different substances are ongoing and will yield new findings.
Keyphrases
  • muscle invasive bladder cancer
  • dna damage
  • spinal cord injury
  • cell cycle
  • dendritic cells
  • signaling pathway
  • drinking water
  • case control
  • immune response
  • bone marrow
  • cell proliferation
  • replacement therapy