Lower Extremity Muscle Volume in Unilateral and Bilateral Patellofemoral Pain: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study Including Superficial and Deep Muscles Authors.

Both women with unilateral and bilateral PFP 25 displayed decreased volume of multiple superficial and deep muscles of the bilateral hips and knees compared with pain-free women. Interventions should bilaterally target lower limb muscles when treating PFP, and hypertrophy exercises for specific muscles should be explored to enhance interventional choices.