Synthesis of nano-crystallite gypsum and bassanite from waste Pila globosa shells: crystallographic characterization.

For the first time, in this work, waste Pila globosa shells have been used to synthesize two industrially valuable materials, gypsum and bassanite. In the first stage, gypsum was synthesized using a wet chemical precipitation method. Subsequently, bassanite was produced by the heat treatment of gypsum at a certain temperature (200 °C), which was chosen after TGA and DSC analysis. The synthesized gypsum and bassanite phases were confirmed by XRD with the assistance of FTIR spectroscopy. Various crystallographic parameters of gypsum and bassanite were investigated, such as the crystallite size (a number of models were employed along with the Scherrer equation), crystallinity index, lattice parameters, unit cell volume, dislocation density, relative intensity, preference growth, specific surface area, microstrain (models were also engaged), and residual stress using the XRD-sin 2   Ψ technique.