Delivery, structure, and function of bacterial genotoxins.
Liaoqi DuJeongmin SongPublished in: Virulence (2022)
Bacterial genotoxins are peptide or protein virulence factors produced by several pathogens, which make single-strand breaks (SSBs) and/or double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) in the target host cells. If host DNA inflictions are not resolved on time, host cell apoptosis, cell senescence, and/or even bacterial pathogen-related cancer may occur. Two multi-protein AB toxins, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) produced by over 30 bacterial pathogens and typhoid toxin from Salmonella Typhi, as well as small polyketide-peptides named colibactin that causes the DNA interstrand cross-linking and subsequent DSBs is the most well-characterized bacterial genotoxins. Using these three examples, this review discusses the mechanisms by which these toxins deliver themselves into the nucleus of the target host cells and exert their genotoxic functions at the structural and functional levels.
Keyphrases
- escherichia coli
- induced apoptosis
- circulating tumor
- cell free
- cell cycle arrest
- antimicrobial resistance
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- gram negative
- stem cells
- cell proliferation
- staphylococcus aureus
- oxidative stress
- small molecule
- endothelial cells
- binding protein
- mesenchymal stem cells
- protein protein
- papillary thyroid
- multidrug resistant
- cell therapy
- squamous cell
- stress induced
- listeria monocytogenes