Guillain Barre syndrome mimicking brain death.
Mukesh Kumar SarnaSarthak ShahPuneet RijhwaniGourav GoyalAnand Kumar JainPallaavi GoelPublished in: The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (2024)
A 49-year-old female patient presented at the hospital with a history of herpetic blisters, frequent episodes of vomiting and loose stools, bilateral upper and lower limb weakness, and diminishing sensorium. She was diagnosed with hyponatraemia and respiratory failure and later became unconscious with absent brainstem reflexes. The patient was initially treated for herpetic encephalitis, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation, hyponatraemia and neuroparalytic snake bite. Further evaluation, however, identified the uncommon Guillain Barre syndrome presentation with overlap of Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis. This is an uncommon disorder characterised by the involvement of higher mental functions, fixed dilated pupils, absent brainstem reflexes and quadriplegia that resembles a neuroparalytic snake bite and brain death. After receiving intravenous immunoglobulins for treatment, the patient completely recovered.
Keyphrases
- case report
- respiratory failure
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- lower limb
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- mechanical ventilation
- white matter
- liver failure
- resting state
- healthcare
- emergency department
- mental health
- low dose
- intensive care unit
- multiple sclerosis
- high dose
- functional connectivity
- air pollution
- hepatitis b virus
- combination therapy
- cystic fibrosis
- aortic dissection
- electronic health record