Identification of important miRNAs in bubaline mammary gland at heifer stage - An in-silico approach.

The present study was undertaken to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in the mammary tissue of a bubaline heifer. Small RNAs were isolated from the mammary gland tissue and enriched for miRNA fraction. The linker-ligated small RNAs were reverse transcribed to synthesize cDNA and amplified by PCR. The PCR products were ligated to the pGEM-T Easy vector; cloned into DH5 alpha cells and sequenced. Sequencing of 40 clones, randomly chosen from this library, produced 115 concatemerized short sequences. The short sequences were checked for their matches with the help of refseq_rna database, EST database (NCBI) and Ensembl. The analysis was performed for more than 90% identity with miRNAs across different species in miRBase. Alignment of putative small RNA sequences with the bovine genome was attempted in GenBank (NCBI) and Ensembl using BLAST. The small RNA sequences with a partial matches within the bovine genome and/or with flanking sequences (upstream or downstream) were analyzed for hairpin structures using the Mfold web server. Reverse complements were also assessed for the homology search. miRNA sequences showing only a partial match with already reported sequences were considered as a putative bubaline miRNAs. Six developmentally important putative miRNA precursors were identified from this study using cloning and sequencing followed by the Bioinformatics approach. This study will help in the elucidation of pathways involving miRNAs in bubaline species at the heifer stage.