New Therapeutic Perspectives in Prostate Cancer: Patient-Derived Organoids and Patient-Derived Xenograft Models in Precision Medicine.
Vittoria RagoAnna PerriSilvia Di AgostinoPublished in: Biomedicines (2023)
One of the major goals in the advancement of basic cancer research focuses on the development of new anticancer therapies. To understand the molecular mechanisms of cancer progression, acquired drug resistance, and the metastatic process, the use of preclinical in vitro models that faithfully summarize the properties of the tumor in patients is still a necessity. The tumor is represented by a diverse group of cell clones, and in recent years, to reproduce in vitro preclinical tumor models, monolayer cell cultures have been supplanted by patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and cultured organoids derived from the patient (PDO). These models have proved indispensable for the study of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its interaction with tumor cells. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common neoplasia in men in the world. It is characterized by genomic instability and resistance to conventional therapies. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, PCa remains a leading cause of cancer death. Here, we review the studies of the last 10 years as the number of papers is growing very fast in the field. We also discuss the discovered limitations and the new challenges in using the organoid culture system and in using PDXs in studying the prostate cancer phenotype, performing drug testing, and developing anticancer molecular therapies.
Keyphrases
- prostate cancer
- papillary thyroid
- radical prostatectomy
- cell therapy
- squamous cell
- end stage renal disease
- squamous cell carcinoma
- small cell lung cancer
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- emergency department
- ejection fraction
- lymph node metastasis
- public health
- high grade
- prognostic factors
- case report
- mesenchymal stem cells
- genome wide