Estimated 24 h Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio Is Related to Renal Function Decline: A 6-Year Cohort Study of Japanese Urban Residents.
Hiroko HattoriAya HirataSachimi KuboYoko NishidaMiki NozawaKuniko KawamuraTakumi HirataYoshimi KubotaMizuki SataKazuyo KuwabaraAya HigashiyamaAya KadotaDaisuke SugiyamaNaomi MiyamatsuYoshihiro MiyamotoTomonori OkamuraPublished in: International journal of environmental research and public health (2020)
The effect of the sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na/K) on renal function within the clinically normal range of renal function are limited. We investigated the effects of an estimated 24 h urinary Na/K (e24hUNa/K) on a 6-year renal function decline among 927 urban Japanese community dwellers with no history of cardiovascular diseases and medication for hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia. We partitioned the subjects into quartiles according to the e24hUNa/K. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD/EPI) formula and renal function decline was defined as an absolute value at or above the third quartile of the eGFR decline rate. A multivariable logistic regression model was used for estimation. Compared with the first quartile of the e24hUNa/K, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for eGFR decline in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.61-1.51), 1.06 (0.67-1.66), and 1.65 (1.06-2.57), respectively. These results were similar when the simple spot urine Na/K ratio was used in place of the e24hUNa/K. Apparently healthy urban residents with an almost within normal range mean baseline eGFR and high e24hUNa/K ratios had an increased risk for a future decline in renal function. Reducing the Na/K ratio may be important in the prevention of chronic kidney disease in its early stage.
Keyphrases
- chronic kidney disease
- small cell lung cancer
- epidermal growth factor receptor
- tyrosine kinase
- early stage
- end stage renal disease
- cardiovascular disease
- healthcare
- blood pressure
- type diabetes
- emergency department
- risk factors
- coronary artery disease
- metabolic syndrome
- mass spectrometry
- insulin resistance
- adipose tissue
- weight loss