Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 plus cisplatin for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

S-1 shows good efficacy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) under single use or combined with cisplatin or radiotherapy. The S-1 plus cisplatin (SP) regimen is one of the chemotherapy candidates for ESCC. However, the efficacy of the SP regimen for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has not been verified. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of NAC with SP for advanced ESCC. In this study, patients with clinical stage II/III/IV ESCC received NAC with SP regimen from June 2016 to July 2020 in Ogaki Municipal Hospital were retrospectively evaluated. In the SP regimen, S-1 80 mg/m2 was administered on days 1-14, and cisplatin was administered 70 mg/m2 on day 1, repeated every 4 weeks, for two cycles. The completion rate, clinical and pathological response rate, adverse events, and long-term outcomes were analyzed. 43 ESCC patients were diagnosed clinical stage II/III/IV ESCC. Among the 43 patients, 31 patients underwent NAC with SP regimen. The completion rate was 93.5%. The clinical response and pathological response rates (grade 2 or 3) were 83.9% and 32.3%, respectively. Seven patients (22.6%) had a pathological complete response (grade 3). Grade 3 neutropenia was observed in 33.7% of cases. No other grade 3 cases or higher toxicity was observed. The 3-year relapse-free and overall survival rates were 52.6% and 65.6%, respectively. NAC with SP is a feasible and effective treatment strategy for advanced. ESCC. The antitumor response could be higher than that under the cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil regimen.