Rationale and clinical applications of 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance in assessment of valvular heart disease: a comprehensive review.

Miroslawa GoreckaMalenka M BissellDavid M HigginsPankaj GargSven PleinJohn Pierre Greenwood

Published in: Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (2022)

4D Flow CMR is an emerging CMR technique, which has the potential to become the new reference-standard method for the evaluation of valvular lesions. In this review, we describe the clinical applications, advantages and disadvantages of 4D Flow CMR in the assessment of valvular heart disease.

Keyphrases

atrial fibrillation
magnetic resonance

aortic valve
pulmonary hypertension

oral anticoagulants

risk assessment