Potential molecular mechanism underlying cardiac fibrosis in diabetes mellitus: a narrative review.
Muhammad RidwanHerlina DimiatiMaimun SyukriRonny LesmanaPublished in: The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology (2023)
Long-term hyperglycemia activates cardiac fibroblast via complex processes involving TGF-β1, miRNA, inflammatory chemokines, oxidative stress, smad, or MAPK pathways. There is increasing evidence of miRNA's roles lately in modulating cardiac fibrosis.