Down-Scalable and Ultra-fast Memristors with Ultra-high Density Three-Dimensional Arrays of Perovskite Quantum Wires.

With strikingly high speed, data retention ability and storage density, resistive RAMs have emerged as a forerunning nonvolatile memory. Here we developed a Re-RAM with ultra-high density array of monocrystalline perovskite quantum wires (QWs) as the switching matrix with a metallic silver conducting pathway. The devices demonstrated high ON/OFF ratio of ∼107 and ultra-fast switching speed of ∼100 ps which is among the fastest in literature. The devices also possess long retention time of over 2 years and record high endurance of ∼6 × 106 cycles for all perovskite Re-RAMs reported. As a concept proof, we have also successfully demonstrated a flexible Re-RAM crossbar array device with a metal-semiconductor-insulator-metal design for sneaky path mitigation, which can store information with long retention. Aggressive downscaling to ∼14 nm lateral dimension produced an ultra-small cell effectively having 76.5 nm2 area for single bit storage. Furthermore, the devices also exhibited unique optical programmability among the low resistance states.