Mapping the Distribution of Special Structured Pulmonary Vasculatures in the Dromedary Camel ( Camelus dromedarius ): Histological and Histochemical Study.
Dalia MohamedienSalma A MohamedAhmed O SalemMohamed R Fath El-BabPublished in: Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada (2022)
Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) is adapted to survive the harsh environments. It has some key adaptation peculiarities in various organs. In this study, we aimed to map the distribution pattern of unique regulatory devices along the course of the pulmonary vessels using histological and histochemical analyses. Arteries with variable wall thickness and spirally oriented course were recorded within the adventitia of the main pulmonary artery. Throttle arteries and glomus bolsters were found within the wall of the lobar pulmonary artery. The bronchial artery was located within the wall of all bronchi reaching the subsegmental branches and it had elastic longitudinal muscular intima bolsters. Arteries with double muscular media were demonstrated in the pulmonary pleura. These bolsters are suggested to play a complicated role that allows for hemodynamic, humeral, and thermoregulatory activities. The lumen of some subsegmental pulmonary veins revealed occasional constrictions arising from the corresponding muscular pad-like protrusions of the tunica media. These veins may possess occlusive or constrictive mechanisms and their obstruction induces engorgement of the associated capillary bed in addition to restricting venous outflow. Collectively, these data strongly recommend a crucial role for the special regulatory devices in preserving the camel pulmonary function in the harsh desert environment.
Keyphrases
- pulmonary hypertension
- pulmonary artery
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- coronary artery
- resistance training
- transcription factor
- cardiovascular disease
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- mass spectrometry
- sars cov
- high resolution
- body composition
- type diabetes
- coronavirus disease
- metabolic syndrome
- pulmonary embolism
- machine learning
- optical coherence tomography
- ultrasound guided
- deep learning
- sickle cell disease