Protein-Water-Ice Contact Angle.

The protein-water-ice contact angle is a controlling parameter in diverse fields. Here we show that data from three different experiments, at three different length scales, with three different proteins, in three different laboratories yield a consistent value for the protein-water-ice contact angle (88.0 ± 1.3°) when analyzed using the Gibbs-Thomson equation. The measurements reinforce the validity of each other, and the fact that similar values are obtained across diverse length scales, experiments, and proteins yields insight into protein-water interactions and the applicability of thermodynamics at the nanoscale.