Thyroidectomy in Australia 2022: lessons from 21,000 consecutive cases.

In this article, we aim to describe our modern-day approach to total thyroidectomy, detailing the subtle refinements of our technique, as it has evolved over three decades and 21 000 cases. Since Delbridge's seminal paper in 2003, the major changes to our approach include a retrograde approach to the recurrent laryngeal nerve that allows dissection of the distal RLN from fascial bands within the ligament of Berry before medialisation of the thyroid lobe. Routine use of intraoperative nerve monitoring systems has increased our awareness of temporary neuropraxia, facilitated a reduction in the risk of bilateral RLN palsy and improved our identification and preservation of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. The increasing use of advanced energy devices has been associated with a reduction in post-operative haematoma rates. We adopt a low threshold to parathyroid auto-transplantation, unless all glands are assessed to be clearly not at risk, and routinely supplement patients with Caltrate in the immediate post-operative period to minimize the risk of symptomatic hypocalcaemia. Ultimately, when we reflect on the subtle refinements that have contributed to improved outcomes, the fundamental principles of exposure and dissection that have evolved over decades remain the basis of our surgical approach and must continue to do so.