Outcomes with HLA-matched unrelated donor versus haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation.

We investigated the outcomes after adult haploidentical (haplo) and matched unrelated donor (MUD) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in a single-center study ( n  = 452) including 276 MUD and 176 haplo transplants. Myeloablative (37%) and reduced-intensity conditioning (63%) were performed. Graft sources included peripheral blood (50%) and bone marrow (50%). GVHD prophylaxis included tacrolimus/methotrexate (53%) and post-transplant cyclophosphamide-based (47%). In MUD versus haplo HCT recipients, a similar incidence of neutrophil engraftment (18 vs 17 days, p  = 0.895), grade II-IV acute GVHD (51% vs 50%, p  = 0.773), relapse (26% vs 23%, p  = 0.578), non-relapse mortality (22% vs 23%, p  = 0.817), 1-year disease-free survival (62% vs 63%. p  = 0.921), and 1-year overall survival (73% vs 74%, p  = 0.744) were observed. Earlier platelet engraftment (22 vs 27 days, p  < 0.001) and higher chronic GVHD (45% vs 35%, p  = 0.040) were noted in MUD as compared to haplo HCT. Allogeneic transplantation should be done promptly whenever indicated, utilizing either matched unrelated or haploidentical donors.