Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed the immune profile of PD-1 blockade in gallbladder carcinoma liver metastasis.

Our study provided an overview of immune cell dynamics in gallbladder carcinoma liver metastases after aPD-1 treatment and highlighted the importance of CXCL13+T cells in biliary tract carcinoma and effective responses to immunotherapy, which would advance the understanding and treatment of the disease.