The role of mesenchymal stem cells in early programming of adipose tissue in the offspring of women with obesity.
Sofía BellaltaTorsten PlöschMarijke FaasPaola CasanelloPublished in: Pediatric obesity (2024)
Maternal obesity is a well-known risk factor for developing premature obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in the progeny. The development of white adipose tissue is a dynamic process that starts during prenatal life: fat depots laid down in utero are associated with the proportion of fat in children later on. How early this programming takes place is still unknown. However, recent evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the embryonic adipocyte precursor cells, show signatures of the early setting of an adipogenic committed phenotype when exposed to maternal obesity. This review aims to present current findings on the cellular adaptations of MSCs from the offspring of women with obesity and how the metabolic environment of MSCs could affect the early commitment towards adipocytes. In conclusion, maternal obesity can induce early programming of fetal adipose tissue by conditioning MSCs. These cells have higher expression of adipogenic markers, altered insulin signalling and mitochondrial performance, compared to MSCs of neonates from lean pregnancies. Fetal MSCs imprinting by maternal obesity could help explain the increased risk of childhood obesity and development of further noncommunicable diseases.
Keyphrases
- insulin resistance
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- mesenchymal stem cells
- type diabetes
- high fat diet
- high fat diet induced
- weight loss
- umbilical cord
- weight gain
- cardiovascular disease
- birth weight
- skeletal muscle
- glycemic control
- induced apoptosis
- body mass index
- pregnant women
- bone marrow
- uric acid
- cell cycle arrest
- dna methylation
- gene expression
- young adults
- cell therapy
- high intensity
- preterm infants
- long non coding rna
- genome wide
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- preterm birth
- pi k akt
- gestational age