DNA N6-methyladenine in metazoans: functional epigenetic mark or bystander?

The DNA-adenine modification N6-methyladenine (6mA), initially thought to be mainly restricted to prokaryotes and certain unicellular eukaryotes, has recently been found in metazoans. Proposed functions vary from gene activation to transposon suppression. However, since most metazoan genomes possess 5-methylcytosine (5mC) as a dominant epigenetic mark, it raises the question of why 6mA is required. This Perspective summarizes the latest discoveries and suggests potential functional roles for 6mA in metazoan genomes.