Cytotoxic CD8+ T cell ablation enhances the capacity of regulatory T cells to delay viral elimination in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis.
Malgorzata CiurkiewiczVanessa HerderMuhammad Akram KhanAnn-Kathrin UhdeRené TeichStephan FloessWolfgang BaumgärtnerJochen HuehnAndreas BeinekePublished in: Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) (2017)
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis (TME) of susceptible mouse strains is a commonly used infectious animal model for multiple sclerosis. The study aim was to test the hypothesis whether cytotoxic T cell responses account for the limited impact of regulatory T cells on antiviral immunity in TME virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) resistant C57BL/6 mice. TME virus-infected C57BL/6 mice were treated with (i) interleukin-2/-anti-interleukin-2-antibody-complexes to expand regulatory T cells ("Treg-expansion"), (ii) anti-CD8-antibodies to deplete cytotoxic T cells ("CD8-depletion") or (iii) with a combination of Treg-expansion and CD8-depletion ("combined treatment") prior to infection. Results showed that "combined treatment", but neither sole "Treg-expansion" nor "CD8-depletion," leads to sustained hippocampal infection and virus spread to the spinal cord in C57BL/6 mice. Prolonged infection reduces myelin basic protein expression in the spinal cord together with increased accumulation of β-amyloid precursor protein in axons, characteristic of myelin loss and axonal damage, respectively. Chronic spinal cord infection upon "combined treatment" was also associated with increased T and B cell recruitment, accumulation of CD107b+ microglia/macrophages and enhanced mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor α. In conclusion, data revealed that the suppressive capacity of Treg on viral elimination is efficiently boosted by CD8-depletion, which renders C57BL/6 mice susceptible to develop chronic neuroinfection and TMEV-IDD.
Keyphrases
- regulatory t cells
- spinal cord
- dendritic cells
- multiple sclerosis
- spinal cord injury
- high fat diet induced
- nk cells
- sars cov
- escherichia coli
- oxidative stress
- white matter
- inflammatory response
- rheumatoid arthritis
- deep learning
- metabolic syndrome
- combination therapy
- immune response
- small molecule
- electronic health record
- wild type
- brain injury
- optical coherence tomography
- insulin resistance