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Macrophage Repolarization as a Therapeutic Strategy for Osteosarcoma.

Namrata AnandKeng Hee PehJill M Kolesar
Published in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Macrophages are versatile immune cells and can adapt to both external stimuli and their surrounding environment. Macrophages are categorized into two major categories; M1 macrophages release pro-inflammatory cytokines and produce protective responses that lead to antimicrobial or antitumor activity. M2 or tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) release anti-inflammatory cytokines that support tumor growth, invasion capacity, and metastatic potential. Since macrophages can be re-polarized from an M2 to an M1 phenotype with a variety of strategies, this has emerged as an innovative anti-cancer approach. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a kind of bone cancer and consists of a complex niche, and immunotherapy is not very effective. Therefore, immediate attention to new strategies is required. We incorporated the recent studies that have used M2-M1 repolarization strategies in the aspect of treating OS cancer.
Keyphrases
  • papillary thyroid
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • small cell lung cancer
  • squamous cell
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • working memory
  • young adults
  • anti inflammatory