Malignant Sinonasal Tumors: Update on Histological and Clinical Management.
Alessandra BraciglianoFabiana TatangeloFrancesco PerriGiuseppe Di LorenzoRoberto TafutoAlessandro OttaianoOttavia ClementeMaria Luisa BarrettaNunzia Simona LositoMariachiara SantorsolaSalvatore TafutoPublished in: Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) (2021)
Tumors of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (TuNSs) are rare and heterogeneous malignancies, presenting different histological features and clinical behavior. We reviewed the literature about etiology, biology, and clinical features of TuNSs to define pathologic features and possible treatment strategies. From a diagnostic point of view, it is mandatory to have high expertise and perform an immunohistochemical assessment to distinguish between different histotypes. Due to the extreme rarity of these neoplasms, there are no standard and evidence-based therapeutic strategies, lacking prospective and large clinical trials. In fact, most studies are retrospective analyses. Surgery represents the mainstay of treatment of TuNSs for small and localized tumors allowing complete tumor removal. Locally advanced lesions require more demolitive surgery that should be always followed by adjuvant radio- or chemo-radiotherapy. Recurrent/metastatic disease requires palliative chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Many studies emphasize the role of specific genes mutations in the development of TuNSs like mutations in the exons 4-9 of the TP53 gene, in the exon 9 of the PIK3CA gene and in the promoter of the TERT gene. In the near future, this genetic assessment will have new therapeutic implications. Future improvements in the understanding of the etiology, biology, and clinical features of TuNSs are warranted to improve their management.
Keyphrases
- locally advanced
- genome wide
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- squamous cell carcinoma
- rectal cancer
- copy number
- genome wide identification
- phase ii study
- minimally invasive
- radiation therapy
- clinical trial
- dna methylation
- early stage
- coronary artery bypass
- systematic review
- palliative care
- photodynamic therapy
- current status
- gene expression
- combination therapy
- radiation induced
- genome wide analysis
- small cell lung cancer
- case report
- study protocol
- phase ii
- replacement therapy
- coronary artery disease
- surgical site infection