Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia.
Iosif LazaridisSongül Alpaslan-RoodenbergAyşe AcarAyşen AçıkkolAnagnostis AgelarakisLevon AghikyanUğur AkyüzDesislava AndreevaGojko AndrijaševićDragana AntonovićIan ArmitAlper AtmacaPavel AvetisyanAhmet İhsan AytekKrum BacvarovRuben BadalyanStefan BakardzhievJacqueline BalenLorenc BejkoRebecca BernardosAndreas BertsatosHanifi BiberAhmet BilirMario BodružićMichelle BonogofskyClive BonsallDušan BorićNikola BorovinićGuillermo Bravo MoranteKatharina ButtingerKimberly CallanFrancesca CandilioMario CarićOlivia CheronetStefan ChohadzhievMaria-Eleni ChovalopoulouStella ChryssoulakiIon CiobanuNatalija ČondićMihai ConstantinescuEmanuela CristianiBrendan J CulletonElizabeth CurtisJack DavisTatiana I DemcencoValentin DergachevZafer DerinSylvia DeskajSeda DevejyanVojislav DjordjevićKellie Sara Duffett CarlsonLaurie R EcclesNedko ElenskiAtilla EnginNihat ErdoğanSabiha Erir-PazarcıDaniel Magalhaes FernandesMatthew FerrySuzanne FreilichAlin FrînculeasaMichael L GalatyBeatriz GamarraBoris GasparyanBisserka GaydarskaElif GençTimur GültekinSerkan GündüzTamás HajduVolker HeydSuren HobosyanNelli HovhannisyanIliya IlievLora IlievStanislav Ilievİlkay İvginIvor JankovićLence JovanovaPanagiotis KarkanasBerna Kavaz-KındığılıEsra Hilal KayaDenise KeatingDouglas J KennettSeda Deniz KesiciAnahit KhudaverdyanKrisztián KissSinan KılıçPaul KlostermannSinem Kostak Boca Negra ValdesSaša KovačevićMarta Krenz-NiedbałaMaja Krznarić ŠkrivankoRovena KurtiPasko KuzmanAnn Marie LawsonCatalin LazarKrassimir LeshtakovThomas E LevyIoannis LiritzisKirsi O LorentzSylwia ŁukasikMatthew MahSwapan MallickKirsten MandlKristine Martirosyan-OlshanskyRoger MatthewsWendy MatthewsKathleen McSweeneyVarduhi MelikyanAdam MiccoMegan MichelLidija MilašinovićAlissa MittnikJanet M MongeGeorgi NekhrizovRebecca NichollsAlexey G NikitinVassil NikolovMario NovakIñigo OlaldeJonas OppenheimerAnna OsterholtzCelal ÖzdemirKadir Toykan ÖzdoğanNurettin ÖztürkNikos PapadimitriouNiki PapakonstantinouAnastasia PapathanasiouLujana ParamanEvgeny G PaskaryNick PattersonIlian PetrakievLevon PetrosyanVanya PetrovaAnna Philippa-TouchaisAshot PiliposyanHrvoje PotrebicaBianca Preda-BălănicăZrinka PremužićT Douglas PriceLijun QiuSiniša RadovićKamal Raeuf AzizPetra Rajić ŠikanjićKamal Rasheed RaheemSergei RazumovAmy RichardsonJacob RoodenbergRudenc RukaVictoria RussevaMustafa ŞahinAyşegül ŞarbakEmre SavaşConstanze SchattkeLynne A SchepartzTayfun SelçukAyla Sevim-ErolMichel Shamoon-PourHenry M ShephardAthanasios SiderisAngela SimalcsikHakob SimonyanVitalij SinikaKendra A SirakGhenadie SirbuMario ŠlausAndrei D SoficaruBilal SöğütArkadiusz SołtysiakÇilem Sönmez SözerMaria StathiMartin SteskalKristin StewardsonSharon StockerFadime Suata-AlpaslanAlexander SuvorovAnna Szécsényi-NagyTamás SzeniczeyNikolai TelnovStrahil TemovNadezhda TodorovaUlsi TotaGilles TouchaisSevi TriantaphyllouAtila TürkerMarina UgarkovićTodor ValchevFanica VeljanovskaZlatko VidevskiCristian ViragAnna WagnerSam WalshPiotr WłodarczakJ Noah WorkmanAram YardumianEvgenii YarovoyAlper Yener YavuzHakan YılmazFatma ZalzalaAnna ZettlZhao ZhangRafet ÇavuşoğluNadin RohlandRon PinhasiDavid ReichRuben DavtyanPublished in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2022)
We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.