Cell therapy for orofacial bone regeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Although current evidence points to the benefits of cell therapy in certain clinical indications, it is unclear whether the use of ex vivo expanded cells, either uncommitted or committed, is superior to whole tissue fractions in terms of bone regeneration. The relatively larger effect sizes in favour of cell therapy observed in pre-clinical studies are diminished in clinical trials. Future controlled studies should include cost-effectiveness analyses to guide clinical decision-making.