Rsad2 mediates Bisphenol A-induced actin cytoskeletal disruption in mouse spermatocytes.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely exposed in populations worldwide and has negative effects on spermatogenesis both in animals and humans. The homeostasis of the actin cytoskeleton in the spermatogenic epithelium is crucial for spermatogenesis. Actin cytoskeleton destruction in the seminiferous epithelium is one of the important reasons for BPA-induced spermatogenesis disorder. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Herein, we explored the role and mechanism of Rsad2, an interferon-stimulated gene in BPA-induced actin cytoskeleton disorder in mouse GC-2 spermatocyte cell lines. After BPA exposure, the actin cytoskeleton was dramatically disrupted and the cell morphology was markedly altered accompanied by a significant increase in Rsad2 expression both in mRNA and protein levels in GC-2 cells. Furthermore, the phalloidin intensities and cell morphology were restored obviously when interfering with the expression of Rsad2 in BPA-treated GC-2 cells. In addition, we observed a significant decrease in intracellular ATP levels after BPA treatment, while the ATP level was obviously upregulated when knocking down the expression of Rsad2 in BPA-treated cells compared to cells treated with BPA alone. Moreover, Rsad2 relocated to mitochondria after BPA exposure in GC-2 cells. BPA promoted Rsad2 expression by activating type I IFN-signaling in GC-2 cells. In summary, Rsad2 mediated BPA-induced actin cytoskeletal disruption in GC-2 cells, which provided data to reveal the mechanism of BPA-induced male reproductive toxicity.