Novel 5-(Arylideneamino)-1 H -Benzo[ d ]imidazole-2-thiols as Potent Anti-Diabetic Agents: Synthesis, In Vitro α-Glucosidase Inhibition, and Molecular Docking Studies.

A novel series of multifunctional benzimidazoles has been reported as potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase. The procedure relies on the synthesis of 5-amino-1 H -benzo[ d ]imidazole-2-thiol 5 via the multistep reaction through 2-nitroaniline 1 , benzene-1,2-diamine 2 , 1 H -benzo[ d ]imidazole-2-thiol 3 , and 5-nitro-1 H -benzo[ d ]imidazole-2-thiol 4 . Further treatment of 5 with aromatic aldehydes 6a-m provided access to the target 5-(arylideneamino)-1 H -benzo[ d ]imidazole-2-thiols 7a-m . The results of the bioactivity assessment revealed all the compounds as excellent inhibitors of the enzyme (IC 50 range: 0.64 ± 0.05 μM to 343.10 ± 1.62 μM) than acarbose (873.34 ± 1.21). Among them, 7i was the most active inhibitor (IC 50 : 0.64 ± 0.05 μM) followed by 7d (IC 50 : 5.34 ± 0.16 μM), 7f (IC 50 : 6.46 ± 0.30 μM), 7g (IC 50 : 8.62 ± 0.19 μM), 7c (IC 50 : 9.84 ± 0.08 μM), 7m (IC 50 : 11.09 ± 0.79 μM), 7a (IC 50 : 11.84 ± 0.26 μM), 7e (IC 50 : 16.38 ± 0.53 μM), 7j (IC 50 : 18.65 ± 0.74 μM), 7h (IC 50 : 20.73 ± 0.59 μM), 7b (IC 50 : 27.26 ± 0.30 μM), 7k (70.28 ± 1.52 μM) and finally 7l (IC 50 : 343.10 ± 1.62 μM). Molecular docking revealed important interactions with the enzyme, thereby supporting the experimental findings.