Boost of Charge Storage Performance of Graphene Nanowall Electrodes by Laser-Induced Crystallization of Metal Oxide Nanostructures.

Major research efforts are being carried out for the technological advancement to an energetically sustainable society. However, for the full commercial integration of electrochemical energy storage devices, not only materials with higher performance should be designed and manufactured but also more competitive production techniques need to be developed. The laser processing technology is well extended at the industrial sector for the versatile and high throughput modification of a wide range of materials. In this work, a method based on laser processing is presented for the fabrication of hybrid electrodes composed of graphene nanowalls (GNWs) coated with different transition-metal oxide nanostructures for electrochemical capacitor (EC) applications. GNW/stainless steel electrodes grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition were decorated with metal oxide nanostructures by means of their laser surface processing while immersed in aqueous organometallic solutions. The pseudocapacitive nature of the laser-induced crystallized oxide materials prompted an increase of the GNW electrodes' capacitance by 3 orders of magnitude, up to ca. 28 F/cm3 at 10 mV/s, at both the positive and negative voltages. Finally, asymmetric aqueous and solid-state ECs revealed excellent stability upon tens of thousands of charge-discharge cycles.