Lung function and cardiovascular disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study.

There is strong evidence that reduced FVC is independently and causally associated with coronary artery disease. Although the mechanism remains unclear, FVC could be taken into consideration when assessing cardiovascular risk and considered a potential target for reducing cardiovascular events. FEV1 and airflow obstruction do not appear to cause increased cardiovascular events; confounding and collider bias may explain previous findings of a causal association.