Diminished Returns of Higher Parental Education on Cognition for Black Adults in Middle and Later Life.

This study provides evidence that the protective effect of higher parental education on cognition is not the same across racialized populations, consistent with the theory of Minority Diminished Returns. As scholars continue calls for life-course-oriented efforts to reduce racialized cognitive disparities, it is important to consider early-life risk and protective factors in the context of racism.